- Aeronautics Glossary
1.
Wing: a rigid horizontal structure that projects
from both sides of an aircraft and supports it in the air
2.
Slats: Slats are aerodynamic surfaces on the leading
edge of the wings of fixed-wing aircraft which, when deployed, allow the wing
to operate at a higher angle of attack.
3. Accelerate: To speed up. For example, when an airplane takes off
it accelerates down the runway until enough lift is
created by the air flowing over the wings so that
it can fly.
4. Aerodynamics: A field of fluid dynamics that studies how gases, including air, flow and how forces act upon
objects moving through air.
6. Ailerons: Control surfaces on the trailing edge of each wing that are used to make the aircraft roll. When flying
straight and level, moving the control stick to the right will raise the
aileron on the right wing and lower
the aileron on the leftwing. This will
cause the aircraft to roll to the
right.
11. Air pressure: The force created
by air pushing on a
surface.
12. Altitude: The height of an object, like an airplane, above sea level or above the earth's surface.
13. Angle of attack: The angle of a wing to the oncoming airflow. A pilot pullsback on the control stick to raise the elevator. This causes the aircraft to pitch which increases the angle of attack.
14. Aviation: The operation of aircraft. There are three types of aviation:general, commercial and military.
15. Axis: A straight line, through the center of gravity, around which an aircraft rotates. For example, an aircraft rolls around itslongitudinal axis which is a straight line that runs through the center of the aircraft from the nose to the tail.
16. Controls: Devices which allow the pilot to direct the movements of an aircraft. Examples of controls are: rudder pedals that control the rudders and cause the airplane to yaw; throttles that control the engines which generate thrust for theairplane; and the control stick that controls the ailerons andelevators which cause the airplane to roll and pitch.
17. Data: Information that is collected from an experiment. For example, an engineer in a wind tunnel may collect data about how much lift is created by a certain wing shape.
18. Computer: An electronic machine that receives, processes and presentsdata. A computer can be programmed to perform complicated tasks, like solving complex mathematical equations or controlling a flight simulator.
19. Engine: A machine that uses combustion to create energy. An airplane will normally either have jet engines or engines that drive one or more propellers. In either case, the engines provide the thrust force that pushes the airplane through the air.
20. Engineer: Someone who designs and builds mechanical or electrical devices. For example, an aeronautical engineer designs and builds aircraft. To do this, an aeronautical engineer must study aeronautics and understand fluid dynamics andaerodynamics.
21. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): The FAA is a government agency, under the Department of Transportation, that oversees all aviation within the United States. The FAA controls, for example, airport safety, air traffic control, licensing of pilots, inspection of aircraft, and investigates aviation mishaps.
22. Flaps: Moveable parts of the trailing edge of a wing that are used to increase lift at slower air speeds. Flaps increase lift by changing the shape of the airfoil. A pilot will extend the flaps when the airplane is landing. By extending the flaps, the pilot is increasing the camber of the wing, the size of the wing and the wing's angle of attack. All of these actions will cause lift to decrease so the airplane can land more slowly.
23. Flight engineer: also sometimes called an air engineer, is the member of an aircraft's flight crew who monitors and operates its complex aircraft systems.
24. Flight simulation: A tool of aeronautics in which a flight simulator on the ground is used to create an environment where a pilot sees, hears and feels like he or she is in a real aircraft. Flight simulation is used to investigate how an aircraft responds to a pilot's movement of the controls.
25. Flight test: A tool of aeronautics in which a real aircraft is flown to gather data which will accurately describe the capabilities of that aircraft. Flight tests are used to investigate how fast, how far and how high an aircraft can go, and how it handles and performs.
26. Fuselage: The part of the airplane to which the empennage and wingsare attached. The fuselage is where the passengers and cargo are located. It is streamlined so that it produces the least possible drag.
27. General aviation: The operation of aircraft that belong to the public.
28. Gravity: The natural force that pulls an object toward the earth. We experience gravity as weight. An airplane must generate enough lift to counteract the weight of the aircraft.
29. Hangar: a large building in which aircraft are kept.
30. Horizontal stabilizer: The horizontal part of the tail. The horizontal stabilizer helps to increase the stability of the aircraft. It is also known as a tailplane.
31. Instruments: Tools used to observe, measure and control . For example, pilots use instruments to measure and observe the altitude, speed and direction of an aircraft.
32. Jet engine: An engine that works by creating a high-velocity jet of air to propel the engine forward.
33. Landing gear: Another word for undercarriage. The landing gear is often retractable - it can be pulled into the fuselage of the aircraft to reduce drag.
34. Land: to come down through the air onto the ground or another surface.
Military aviation: The operation of aircraft that belong to the Armed Forces. The Air Force YF-23 is an example of an aircraft that is flown only by the military.
35. Monoplane: An airplane with one set of wings. Most aircraft built today have only one set of wings and are classified as monoplanes.
36. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): In 1958, NASA was created as a government agency to replace NACA. NASA's charter is to expand frontiers in air and space, to inspire and serve America, and to benefit the quality of life on Earth.
37. Payload: The load carried by an aircraft that includes passengers and cargo.
38. Pilot: A person who flies an aircraft.
39. Pitch: A rotational motion in which an airplane turns around itslateral axis. Pushing forward on the control stick will lower the elevators, which forces the tail upward. The pilot will then see the nose of the aircraft fall or pitch.
40. Pressure: A force being exerted on part of a surface. When you stand, your feet put pressure on the ground. Air pressure refers to air molecules pressing against a surface like the bottom of awing.
41. Propeller: A device that consists of blades (shaped like airfoils) that spin around a central hub, like a fan. An engine causes the blades to turn. When the blades turn, they create thrust by biting into the air and forcing it to move back. The amount of thrust can be controlled by changing the speed of the propellers.
42. Reconnaissance: In aviation, to fly over and look closely at an area below to gather information about it.
43. Rudder: A control surface on the trailing edge of the vertical part of the tail that is used to make the aircraft yaw. The rudder is controlled by rudder pedals. Pushing the left rudder pedal will tilt the rudder to the left. This will cause the nose of theaircraft to turn to the left.
44. Simulator: A device that creates an environment that is as close as possible to reality. In flight simulators, engineers create acockpit environment identical to the one in a real airplane. In a flight simulator a pilot will see, hear and feel like he or she is in a real aircraft.
45. Spoiler: A device, normally located on the top of the wing, for changing the airflow around a wing to reduce lift. Pilotsdeploy spoilers when they land so that the airplane is no longer "lifted" into the air.
46. Take off: The process of using the thrust of the engines to acceleratean airplane down a runway until enough lift is generated so that the aircraft begins to fly.
47. Test pilot: A pilot that is specially trained to test aircraft. Test pilots must be exceptional pilots, have a complete understanding of aeronautics and aerodynamics, and be able to accurately write and speak about what they see, feel and hear during the testing of an aircraft.
48. Jet bridge/aerobridge/jet way: Is an enclosed, movable connector which extends from an airport terminal gate to an airplane, allowing passengers to board and disembark without going outside.
49. Airline: an air transportation system including its equipment, routes, operating personnel, and management.
50. Flight: the action or process of flying through the air.
51. Boarding pass: a document provided by an airline during check-in, giving passengers permission to board the airplane for a particular flight.
52. Military Aircraft: any aircraft operated by the armed forces of a State
53. Monoplane: Is a fixed-wing aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane.
54. Biplane: Airplane with two wings, one above the other.
55. Lift: The force that directly opposes the weight of an airplane and holds the airplane in the air.
56. Mach One (1): 760 MPH. When a plane travels faster than this speed, it is breaking the sound barrier.
57. Pitch: The up or down movement of an aircraft.
58. Propellant: A chemical mixture that is burned to produce thrust.
59. Propulsion: The means by which aircraft and spacecraft are moved forward. It is a combination of factors such as a thrust "(forward push), lift (upward push), drag (backward pull) and weight (downward pull).
60. Roll: The clockwise or counterclockwise rotating motion of an aircraft.
61. Spoiler: Device used to destroy lift. Found on top of the wing and in varying sizes.
62. Thrust: A force applied to a body to propel it in a desired direction. The force which moves an aircraft through the air.
63. Aviation: the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft.
64. Cockpit: The space set apart for the pilot and crew, as in a helicopter, large airliner, or transport aircraft.
65. Cabin: is the section of an aircraft in which passengers travel.
66. Co-pilot: A qualified pilot who assists or relieves the pilot but is not in command.
67. Captain: One who commands, leads, or guides others, especially: a. The officer in command of a ship, aircraft, or spacecraft.
68. Elevators: are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's lateral attitude by changing the pitch balance, and so also the angle of attack and the lift of the wing.
69. Helicopter: a type of aircraft that derives both lift and propulsion from one or more sets of horizontally revolving overhead rotors. It is capable of moving vertically and horizontally, the direction of motion being controlled by the pitch of the rotor blades.
70. Heliport: A place for helicopters to land and take off. Also called helipad.
71. Landing skids: one of two parts of the landing gear of a helicopter.
72. Radar: a system that uses radio waves to find the position and movement of objects, for example planes and ships, when they cannot be seen.
71. Arrival: the action or process of arriving.
12. Altitude: The height of an object, like an airplane, above sea level or above the earth's surface.
13. Angle of attack: The angle of a wing to the oncoming airflow. A pilot pullsback on the control stick to raise the elevator. This causes the aircraft to pitch which increases the angle of attack.
14. Aviation: The operation of aircraft. There are three types of aviation:general, commercial and military.
15. Axis: A straight line, through the center of gravity, around which an aircraft rotates. For example, an aircraft rolls around itslongitudinal axis which is a straight line that runs through the center of the aircraft from the nose to the tail.
16. Controls: Devices which allow the pilot to direct the movements of an aircraft. Examples of controls are: rudder pedals that control the rudders and cause the airplane to yaw; throttles that control the engines which generate thrust for theairplane; and the control stick that controls the ailerons andelevators which cause the airplane to roll and pitch.
17. Data: Information that is collected from an experiment. For example, an engineer in a wind tunnel may collect data about how much lift is created by a certain wing shape.
18. Computer: An electronic machine that receives, processes and presentsdata. A computer can be programmed to perform complicated tasks, like solving complex mathematical equations or controlling a flight simulator.
19. Engine: A machine that uses combustion to create energy. An airplane will normally either have jet engines or engines that drive one or more propellers. In either case, the engines provide the thrust force that pushes the airplane through the air.
20. Engineer: Someone who designs and builds mechanical or electrical devices. For example, an aeronautical engineer designs and builds aircraft. To do this, an aeronautical engineer must study aeronautics and understand fluid dynamics andaerodynamics.
21. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): The FAA is a government agency, under the Department of Transportation, that oversees all aviation within the United States. The FAA controls, for example, airport safety, air traffic control, licensing of pilots, inspection of aircraft, and investigates aviation mishaps.
22. Flaps: Moveable parts of the trailing edge of a wing that are used to increase lift at slower air speeds. Flaps increase lift by changing the shape of the airfoil. A pilot will extend the flaps when the airplane is landing. By extending the flaps, the pilot is increasing the camber of the wing, the size of the wing and the wing's angle of attack. All of these actions will cause lift to decrease so the airplane can land more slowly.
23. Flight engineer: also sometimes called an air engineer, is the member of an aircraft's flight crew who monitors and operates its complex aircraft systems.
24. Flight simulation: A tool of aeronautics in which a flight simulator on the ground is used to create an environment where a pilot sees, hears and feels like he or she is in a real aircraft. Flight simulation is used to investigate how an aircraft responds to a pilot's movement of the controls.
25. Flight test: A tool of aeronautics in which a real aircraft is flown to gather data which will accurately describe the capabilities of that aircraft. Flight tests are used to investigate how fast, how far and how high an aircraft can go, and how it handles and performs.
26. Fuselage: The part of the airplane to which the empennage and wingsare attached. The fuselage is where the passengers and cargo are located. It is streamlined so that it produces the least possible drag.
27. General aviation: The operation of aircraft that belong to the public.
28. Gravity: The natural force that pulls an object toward the earth. We experience gravity as weight. An airplane must generate enough lift to counteract the weight of the aircraft.
29. Hangar: a large building in which aircraft are kept.
30. Horizontal stabilizer: The horizontal part of the tail. The horizontal stabilizer helps to increase the stability of the aircraft. It is also known as a tailplane.
31. Instruments: Tools used to observe, measure and control . For example, pilots use instruments to measure and observe the altitude, speed and direction of an aircraft.
32. Jet engine: An engine that works by creating a high-velocity jet of air to propel the engine forward.
33. Landing gear: Another word for undercarriage. The landing gear is often retractable - it can be pulled into the fuselage of the aircraft to reduce drag.
34. Land: to come down through the air onto the ground or another surface.
Military aviation: The operation of aircraft that belong to the Armed Forces. The Air Force YF-23 is an example of an aircraft that is flown only by the military.
35. Monoplane: An airplane with one set of wings. Most aircraft built today have only one set of wings and are classified as monoplanes.
36. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): In 1958, NASA was created as a government agency to replace NACA. NASA's charter is to expand frontiers in air and space, to inspire and serve America, and to benefit the quality of life on Earth.
37. Payload: The load carried by an aircraft that includes passengers and cargo.
38. Pilot: A person who flies an aircraft.
39. Pitch: A rotational motion in which an airplane turns around itslateral axis. Pushing forward on the control stick will lower the elevators, which forces the tail upward. The pilot will then see the nose of the aircraft fall or pitch.
40. Pressure: A force being exerted on part of a surface. When you stand, your feet put pressure on the ground. Air pressure refers to air molecules pressing against a surface like the bottom of awing.
41. Propeller: A device that consists of blades (shaped like airfoils) that spin around a central hub, like a fan. An engine causes the blades to turn. When the blades turn, they create thrust by biting into the air and forcing it to move back. The amount of thrust can be controlled by changing the speed of the propellers.
42. Reconnaissance: In aviation, to fly over and look closely at an area below to gather information about it.
43. Rudder: A control surface on the trailing edge of the vertical part of the tail that is used to make the aircraft yaw. The rudder is controlled by rudder pedals. Pushing the left rudder pedal will tilt the rudder to the left. This will cause the nose of theaircraft to turn to the left.
44. Simulator: A device that creates an environment that is as close as possible to reality. In flight simulators, engineers create acockpit environment identical to the one in a real airplane. In a flight simulator a pilot will see, hear and feel like he or she is in a real aircraft.
45. Spoiler: A device, normally located on the top of the wing, for changing the airflow around a wing to reduce lift. Pilotsdeploy spoilers when they land so that the airplane is no longer "lifted" into the air.
46. Take off: The process of using the thrust of the engines to acceleratean airplane down a runway until enough lift is generated so that the aircraft begins to fly.
47. Test pilot: A pilot that is specially trained to test aircraft. Test pilots must be exceptional pilots, have a complete understanding of aeronautics and aerodynamics, and be able to accurately write and speak about what they see, feel and hear during the testing of an aircraft.
48. Jet bridge/aerobridge/jet way: Is an enclosed, movable connector which extends from an airport terminal gate to an airplane, allowing passengers to board and disembark without going outside.
49. Airline: an air transportation system including its equipment, routes, operating personnel, and management.
50. Flight: the action or process of flying through the air.
51. Boarding pass: a document provided by an airline during check-in, giving passengers permission to board the airplane for a particular flight.
52. Military Aircraft: any aircraft operated by the armed forces of a State
53. Monoplane: Is a fixed-wing aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane.
54. Biplane: Airplane with two wings, one above the other.
55. Lift: The force that directly opposes the weight of an airplane and holds the airplane in the air.
56. Mach One (1): 760 MPH. When a plane travels faster than this speed, it is breaking the sound barrier.
57. Pitch: The up or down movement of an aircraft.
58. Propellant: A chemical mixture that is burned to produce thrust.
59. Propulsion: The means by which aircraft and spacecraft are moved forward. It is a combination of factors such as a thrust "(forward push), lift (upward push), drag (backward pull) and weight (downward pull).
60. Roll: The clockwise or counterclockwise rotating motion of an aircraft.
61. Spoiler: Device used to destroy lift. Found on top of the wing and in varying sizes.
62. Thrust: A force applied to a body to propel it in a desired direction. The force which moves an aircraft through the air.
63. Aviation: the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft.
64. Cockpit: The space set apart for the pilot and crew, as in a helicopter, large airliner, or transport aircraft.
65. Cabin: is the section of an aircraft in which passengers travel.
66. Co-pilot: A qualified pilot who assists or relieves the pilot but is not in command.
67. Captain: One who commands, leads, or guides others, especially: a. The officer in command of a ship, aircraft, or spacecraft.
68. Elevators: are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's lateral attitude by changing the pitch balance, and so also the angle of attack and the lift of the wing.
69. Helicopter: a type of aircraft that derives both lift and propulsion from one or more sets of horizontally revolving overhead rotors. It is capable of moving vertically and horizontally, the direction of motion being controlled by the pitch of the rotor blades.
70. Heliport: A place for helicopters to land and take off. Also called helipad.
71. Landing skids: one of two parts of the landing gear of a helicopter.
72. Radar: a system that uses radio waves to find the position and movement of objects, for example planes and ships, when they cannot be seen.
71. Arrival: the action or process of arriving.
2 Departure:
the action of leaving, typically to start a journey
3. Jet Lag: extreme tiredness and other physical effects felt by a person after a long flight across several time zones.
4. Turbulence: violent or unsteady movement of air or water, or of some other fluid.
5. Rotor: a rotary part of a machine or vehicle, in particular. A hub with a number of radiating airfoils that is rotated in an approximately horizontal plane to provide the lift for a rotary-wing aircraft.
6. Tail Rotor: an auxiliary rotor at the tail of a helicopter designed to counterbalance the torque of the main rotor.
3. Jet Lag: extreme tiredness and other physical effects felt by a person after a long flight across several time zones.
4. Turbulence: violent or unsteady movement of air or water, or of some other fluid.
5. Rotor: a rotary part of a machine or vehicle, in particular. A hub with a number of radiating airfoils that is rotated in an approximately horizontal plane to provide the lift for a rotary-wing aircraft.
6. Tail Rotor: an auxiliary rotor at the tail of a helicopter designed to counterbalance the torque of the main rotor.
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